http://www.york.ac.uk/media/che/documents/papers/researchpapers/CHERP65_Disease_management_in_PC_reduce_hospital_costs.pdf

We apply cross-sectional and panel data methods to a database of 5 million patients in 8,000 English general practices to examine whether better primary care management of 10 chronic diseases is associated with reduced hospital costs. We find that only primary care performance in stroke care is associated with lower hospital costs.